Although there are still many issues and misgivings, India and China seem to be slowly repairing their relationship after years of border tensions. The trip of two high-ranking Indian officials to China late last month was interpreted as an indication of a warming of bilateral ties.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) meetings in June also included separate visits by Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval. China, Russia, Iran, and Pakistan are among the ten members of the SCO, a security alliance in Eurasia. Singh was the first high-ranking Indian official to visit China in five years.
Tensions between China and India are centred on a disputed boundary that is 3,440 km (2,100 miles) long and poorly defined. Due to rivers, lakes, and snowcaps along the border, the line frequently moves, forcing soldiers into close quarters at various places and occasionally igniting confrontations.
The first deadly encounter between the two troops since 1975 occurred in the Galwan valley in Ladakh in June 2020, further intensifying the situation. Four Chinese and at least 20 Indian troops lost their lives. Since then, there have been military standoffs in many locations.
However, the two parties seem to have been pushed to agree on a number of matters by geopolitical uncertainty and the reality on the ground. They agreed on the primary issues of contention in Ladakh at the end of last year.
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